Principles for implementing duty of care in health, social care Essay

Describe how to respond to complaints Responding to complaints, whether made by a parent or a staff colleague, you should always keep professional and listen to what the person has to say. You should keep calm and by being respectful and apologising when necessary which helps to diffuse potential conflict. Complaints need to be resolved as quickly as possible and constructively to avoid creating a bad atmosphere for all those involved. When responding to a complaint, it is important to listen to the other person’s point of view. You should avoid making personal comments and focus on the facts throughout. Always apologise if you are wrong and explain how you will resolve the situation. Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handing complaints If a member of staff or a parent wishes to make a complaint they should discuss their complaint with the setting leader first where most complaints can be resolved quickly. If the parent or member of staff is not happy with the outcome they should then put their complaint in writing to the setting leader who can then pass the details onto the owner or chairperson of a committee run setting. The setting will look into the complaint and once they have come to a conclusion the setting leader can arrange a meeting with the person who made the complaint to discuss the outcome. If the person is still not happy with the outcome they can ask for a further meeting with the setting leader and the owner or chairperson where they can also invite a representative. They can then all meet up to try and come to a conclusion. Everything at this meeting will be noted and recorded. If the complaint can still not be resolved at this meeting then a further meeting can be made where an external mediator is invited. The external mediator will then investigate the complaint and then arrange a meeting for all parties to settle the complaint. A record of the meeting will be made which will discuss any decisions that have been made. Everyone that attends the meeting will need to sign the record and will get a copy of all the notes. This signed record should conclude the complaint. Parents are entitled to contact Ofsted throughout any stage of the complaints procedure. The telephone number of Ofsted will be on the settings complaints procedure.

Learning Psychology Essay

Education and learning are one of the most important ingredients to becoming all that you can be. How open you are to learning will help determine your path in life. Education and learning are one of the most important ingredients to becoming all that you can be. How open you are to learning will help determine your path in life. Education does not just happen at school. It is not just about Math and other subjects. Your education and learning are happening all the time. They happen any time your mind is open to learning. Education is not just about learning facts, but more so about learning how to think. It is learning to make good choices. It is learning to act with purpose. Becoming educated is a lifelong process. It can be hard and frustrating at times, but it can also be incredibly exciting and enriching. Most importantly, learning and education can help you: Change the world Become a better person Reach your potential Eliminate your fears Make the most of mistakes Support your family Here are some inspiring quotations that capture the power of education and what it can do for you and the world: Motivation in Learning by Haibat Khan haibiniazi@gmail. com. â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † – Nelson Mandela â€Å"When you know better you do better. † – Maya Angelou â€Å"Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. † – Carl Sagan â€Å"Even the wisest mind has something yet to learn. † – George Santayana â€Å"Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. † – Henry Ford â€Å"The important thing is not to stop questioning. † – Albert Einstein â€Å"Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. † – Chinese Proverb â€Å"None of us is as smart as all of us. † – Ken Blanchard â€Å"A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body. † Benjamin Franklin â€Å"The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled. † – Plutarch â€Å"Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all. † Aristotle â€Å"You can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise by his questions. † – Naguib Mahfouz â€Å"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. † – W. B. Yeats â€Å"If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough. † – Albert Einstein. â€Å"Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. † – Marie Curie â€Å"A mistake is a crash-course in learning. † – Billy Anderson â€Å"We are not what we know but what we are willing to learn. † – Mary Catherine Bateson â€Å"He who opens a school door, closes a prison. † – Victor Hugo â€Å"Knowledge will bring you the opportunity to make a difference. † – Claire Fagan â€Å"Education is teaching our children to desire the right things. † – Plato â€Å"I believe that we learn by practice. Whether it means to learn to dance by practicing dancing or to learn to live by practicing living, the principles are the  same. Practice means to perform, over and over again in the face of all obstacles, some act of vision, of faith, of desire. Practice is a means of inviting the perfection desired. † – Martha Graham†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Education is the power to think clearly, the power to act well in the world’s work, and the power to appreciate life. † – Brigham Young â€Å"I received the fundamentals of my education in school, but that was not enough. My real education, the superstructure, the details, the true architecture, I got out of the public library. For an impoverished child whose family could not afford to buy  books, the library was the open door to wonder and achievement, and I can never be sufficiently grateful that I had the wit to charge through that door and make the most of it. †- Isaac Asimov â€Å"Painful as it may be, a significant emotional event can be the catalyst for choosing a direction that serves us – and those around us – more effectively. Look for the learning. † – Louisa May Alcott â€Å"Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand. † – Albert Einstein Haibat Khan haibiniazi@gmail. com.

Male Perspective of Love in Literature Essay

Compare and contrast the ways writers use form, structure and language to portray the male perspective of love in Shakespeare’s ‘Othello’, Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ and the Poetry of Robert Browning. The male perspective of love is interesting to look at when looking at different texts in comparison. Although they have been written in different literary movements male characters portray very similar attitudes and reflect the same aspects towards love and relationships. This essay concerns the male perspective of love, however it is important to analyse the factors that cause these interpretations of love that the writers have created for the male characters. For example a reoccurring perspective is the need for dominance over their significant other for example in Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello establishes his dominance over Desdemona by murdering her, similarly in the poetry of Robert Browning his poems ‘My Last Duchess’ and ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ where they also kill their lovers in order to reinforce their male dominance over their partner. In The Great Gatsby Daisy’s partner Tom displays his dominance over Daisy when he abuses her by punching her in the face. The male perspective of love is understood when looking at the theories of causation. As stated one of the most prominent male perspective of love conveys the need and desire to be dominant over their partner. In the Shakespearian play ‘Othello’ set in 16th century Venice looks at the idea of unconditional love despite the fact that Othello and his love Desdemona are from two completely different worlds. Othello is a Moore which refers to the Islamic – Arabic inhabitants of North Africa, whereas Desdemona is a Venetian. Contextually their love for one another would be seen as highly controversial and taboo, however despite Desdemona insists that she marries Othello. ‘To you, preferring you before her father, so much I challenge that I may profess due to the Moor my lord. ’ Here Desdemona recognises that her duty is divided, however her honesty with her father shows how willingly loyal she is. A literary interpretation of Othello’s character would suggest that Othello feels the need to dominate over Desdemona due to his much insecurity as a character, directly associated with the idea that he is not of the Venetian culture. Leavis views that Othello is a ‘weak and stupid character’ that doesn’t understand himself or Desdemona, Othello is an outsider to the Venetian community where as Cassio isn’t, hence his insecurities structure between Cassio and Desdemona when Iago suggests that they are having an affair together. As a result Othello may realise that to maintain his prestige and respect as a soldier he must justify what has been done on him by killing Desdemona. To some extent I do agree more with the analysis that Leavis’ creates as looking within the context of the time although Othello and his achievements have been celebrated he evidently is a cultural and racial outsider. In addition to insecurities that Othello it is also a possibility that Othello is threatened by Desdemona’s sexual nature, as a character she is very flirtatious and friendly with most of Othello’s comrades including his lieutenant Cassio, whom has suspicion of sleeping with his wife. Desdemona’s supposed infidelity and unfaithfulness to her husband has caused her death. In the patriarchal Venetian society, women were told to remain submissive and meek at all times. However, in ‘Othello’, the women express independence, though in private, and Emilia, Desdemona’s maid, presents us with feminist opinions when she warns that â€Å"the ills we do, their ills instruct us so†. Feminist readings of ‘Othello’ suggest that even though women are shown to be submissive, possessions and are even called ‘whores’, when they do express their feelings and disobey their husband, as is the case with Emilia when she tells Othello of the handkerchief and Iago, she is killed. This, similar to what happened to the Duchess and Desdemona, shows that any sign of independence from their husband is unwelcome and they are quickly eliminated. This demonstrates my argument that destruction is caused by the male need to control the womenThis could be seen as a threat to Othello as not only is he a cultural outsider; his wife could be potentially having an affair with another man who is of the culture. Additionally Desdemona is of a higher class status than Othello, which also contribute to his insecurities this links with the novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ by Fitzgerald this text also portrays various conflict issues with class, for example when Daisy proclaims that she would rather be with her unfaithful husband rather than Gatsby. There are some very strong comparisons between Othello and some other texts also for example the poem Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning presents similar male perspectives of love. Porphyria’s Lover, the Duke and Othello all feel that they are losing control of their significant other and the power in the relationship. Feminist interpretations would suggest that that these characters are somehow threatened by the sexual nature of their partner, they feel that they should be the dominant in the relationship therefore to maintain that level of power they need so they kill their lovers, it would also indicate that the male characters of these texts are highly insecure. For example Desdemona’s sexual identity is a threat to Othello’s status, if he kills Desdemona however he can still maintain his prestige without fear of embarrassment [PEE]. This is also similar to the poem My Last Duchess the duke was also threatened by the sexual nature of his wife [PEE]. There are also some comparisons between Othello and the Great Gatsby; they both have similar conflicting issues with class and status. For instance Desdemona is of higher status than Othello, this also adds to Othello’s insecurities as not only is Desdemona very flirtatious, she is also very wealthy. PEE] Othello is also warned from the beginning of the play by Brabantio, Desdemona’s father to be cautious of her [PEE] Another interpretation made by Bradley who rejects this view and presents an overwhelming positive analysis of Othello whom he sees as relatively blameless for his actions. On the other hand Bradley suggests that it is indeed the manipulative language used by Iago that had caused Othello to develop these insecurities that ultimately lead to his downfall. This theory seems evident in Act 3, Scene 3 also known as ‘the corruption scene’. This is the scene where the initial manipulation begins, Iago begins to manipulate Othello firstly by making that he is someone trustworthy and reliable therefore he forms a friendship with Othello. Iago had been turned down from the role as Othello’s lieutenant which has explained why he may have some resentment towards Othello; however despite this there is no clear indication to why Iago manipulates Othello in such a way. Some people have interpreted this as a homosexual affection that Iago shows for Othello in which he is jealous of the love Desdemona and Othello have for each other, therefore he convinces Othello to ultimately kill her in attempt for a chance with Othello. One such interpretation is that Iago is motivated by jealousy of Othello’s love for Desdemona, and is maddened by a repressed homosexual desire. There is a hint of this in Act 3, Scene 3, as Iago, pledging his loyalty to his general, tells Othello, â€Å"I am your own forever†. Iago’s chosen word’s perhaps express more than soldierly devotion, and possess a distinctly romantic tone not too dissimilar to the language of a marriage vow However in some aspects it would seem clear that Othello has already chosen to kill Desdemona almost out of his own will, nothing that anyone says will make a difference at all. ‘Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men’. The dialog is full of legalistic language as if Othello has tried her and is now sentencing her. The novel The Great Gatsby is set during the American Jazz Age of the early 1920’s, this was a time jazz music became increasingly popular and played a significant part in wider cultural changes during this period. This was also a time where the American Dream also played an important part in people’s lives; people would immigrate to America in order to achieve this ‘American Dream’. The idea of unrequited love is a prominent theme. Narrated by Nick Carraway the story tells of Jay Gatsby’s quest for Daisy Buchanan, Nick writes from Gatsby’s point of view as he is writing the novel two years after the story actually happens, so much Gatsby’s point of view is the point of view from Nick, although a trustworthy third party he can sometimes also be unreliable. Nick is determined to make himself seem trustworthy, claiming to be â€Å"one of the few honest people that [he has] ever known†. He also claims not to be judgemental, yet he tells Gatsby that â€Å"They’re a rotten crowd†¦. You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together†. This line shows Nick’s judgemental side, proving him to be an untrustworthy narrator. Gatsby’s perspective of love is that in order for him and Daisy to unite he must change, therefore he gained the wealth and prestige in order to win her heart, however Daisy is now married with Tom Buchanan an upper class socialite and had married daisy even though she had promised herself to Gatsby, despite that Tom is unfaithful to her. Like Othello and the protagonists of ‘My Last Duchess’ and ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ Tom Buchanan is also the self-proclaimed ‘alpha-male’ and feels like he too needs to establish his authority over his love interests for example when he strikes Myrtle in the mouth for speaking ill of his and Daisy’s relationship. The Great Gatsby also shows a portrayal of love and money Gatsby gained his wealth illegally by selling alcohol in an era when alcohol was prohibited. Dishonesty becomes his nature, displayed when he tells Nick that he is â€Å"the son of some wealthy people in the Midwest† and lies about being â€Å"brought up in America, but, educated in Oxford†. Daisy’s immorality is also evident when she allows Gatsby to take the blame for her crime, an act that ultimately results in his death. Unlike Othello and the Browning poetry which was written in a much different era to Gatsby, the novel portrays contrasting perspectives of love. Such as going after your lover, and changing yourself rather than trying to change your partner. The Browning poetry was also written in a similar era to Othello, and therefore the correlation between love and dominance are a reoccurring aspect. For example in the poem ‘My Last Duchess’ the poem is one huge monologue to the audience about a Duke talking to a painter about his last Duchess like Othello the female protagonist is portrayed someone of a sexual and flirtatious nature. Ingersoll describes the character of the Duke as a dominating character with strong will and purpose but as a narcissist who has an insecure need to construct a self-important image of himself which could be seen as a similar interpretation to Leavis’ analysis of Othello. The Duke is also portrayed by browning as someone who has complete desire to gain over control over every aspect in his life for example all that remains of the duchess is a painting concealed under a pull curtain, ultimately the duke decided who sees her and who doesn’t, or if she is even showed at all. The duke shows satisfaction in this by almost boasting about how he was able to control this young girl. Tucker argues that not only does the power give him pleasure, but by reducing the Duchess to a painting, he reduces her to something he can understand and in turn, control. The male need to control women by reducing them to ‘art’ is also visible in ‘Othello’ when he asks, â€Å"Was this fair paper, this most goodly book,/ Made to write â€Å"whore† upon? †, referring to Desdemona and her suspected infidelity. The poem ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ also portrays a similar message; this is also a monologue that is violent and abrupt: a working man, the lover of a middle class girl, murders her when she comes to his cottage, strangling her with her hair. At the end of the poem he sits, apparently calmly, with her corpse in some kind of pseudo embrace. Like Gatsby and Othello the protagonist is again threatened by the idea of their significant other having some sort of control over them. Ingersoll believes that â€Å"In his own mad fashion, the Lover has read that text in order to escape being positioned as ‘feminine’ i. e. A loved object to be abandoned again as she may have many times before. He reaffirms her ‘feminine’ position as one too weak to break those ‘vainer ties’ to a world in which he can have no presence. Torn between moments of passionate possession of her and inevitable abandonment or ‘loss’, he has murdered her n order to turn her into a fetishistic object which can never leave†. This also links with Gatsby as they both deal with conflict issues regarding class, however Daisy would never have a relationship with someone that is of a lower class than her, however the female protagonist against all odds rejects this sociological concept and has relations with a man of lower status regardless, however like Othello this causes the male protagonists to become insecure and weak in their relationship, therefore to restore that order they get rid of their loved ones completely. Stuck on conclusion.

Procedural criminal laws of Hungary Research Paper

Procedural criminal laws of Hungary - Research Paper Example ather, the victory of the law is in getting people aware of the punishments prescribed in the law and getting people to wage away from the law (Graves et al, 2002). It is in this end that there are various mechanisms in place in the provisions of the law in ensuring that the rights of people are not unfairly abused. In Hungary, the Criminal Procedure Law is one of such provisions that ensure that all people who are accused in one way or the other are given fair representation before the law for them to be taken through the whole execution of the definition of the law. A criminal procedure law may be defined in the context of Hungary as a sovereign country as â€Å"safeguards against the indiscriminate application of criminal laws and the wanton treatment of suspected criminals† (Farlex, 2012). Subsequently, the criminal procedure law may be seen as a series of provisions that clearly defines the processes that an accused person should be taken through so as to ensure that he or she is not wrongly charged. To this end, the criminal procedure law makes justice available to all populace of Hungary as a State. Hungary as a nation has seen different stages of its criminal procedure law. The first of such criminal procedure law was the Criminal Procedure Act XXXIII of 1886; which was followed by the first socialist Criminal Procedure Act III of 1951; before two consecutive acts came into existence during the periods of socialism, which were the Law Decree 8 of 1962, and the one which is presently in force Act I of 1973 (Herke, 2004). All these c hanges have come about in a bid to making the adjudication of justice to the citizenry better and improved. Generally, the criminal law of Hungary seeks to explain and define what a crime is. It also seeks to define the appropriate sanctions that should go with various acts of crime. But as indicated earlier, the mere fact that the law mentions an act to be criminal does not mean that once a person is found indulging in the act,

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Sociology - Essay Example Among the things I will tackle in my research include the peoples’ sexual attitude, ideology and behaviors, the relationship between sex and marriage for example pre-marital and extramarital sex, child bearing, sexual diversity for instance homosexuality and bisexual relationships, divorce among others (Jeffreys 27). Sexual ratio at birth and the preference or importance attached to children of different gender in the two countries will also be discussed. Population ageing and Age Dependency Ratios is also an important issue when it comes to sexuality. In regard to this concept, the research will look at the impacts of fertility and mortality transitions on the elderly people in both countries and all issues surrounding it. Much emphasis will also be given to the policies that govern sexuality and fertility in these two countries for instance in regard to birth controls and abortion and their consequences. The one- child policy in China is an example. My research will take a form of a critical and synthetic literature review evaluation in regard to the different aspects that are associated with sexuality in both China and the United States of

The Judeo-Christian Ethic is Ruining Our Environment Essay

The Judeo-Christian Ethic is Ruining Our Environment - Essay Example Another part of the damaging equation lies in the Christian belief that we are to go forth and multiply, therefore there is ban on contraceptives instituted by the Catholic church. This is another part of the Judeo-Christian belief that is damaging to our environment, and this belief is perhaps most damaging at all. This essay will examine the man-made causes of global warming, and the effects of global warming. This essay will also examine the way that we treat our animals, which is a part of the equation that would be inherent in White's essay. Finally, this essay will look at the effects of overpopulation, which, if it gets much more out of hand, will be the effective end of environment. All of these problems can be directly traced to Christian ethos of dominion over the environment, animals, and the command for the human race to go forth and multiply. The Bible and Animals White's argument centered around the fact that the Bible has been used by humans to justify treating nature and our environment in a way that shows that animals and natural resources were put on this earth simply to save man. He approved of the way that St. Francis of Assisi saw the animals – St. Francis of Assisi thought of the animals as being God's creatures, with souls, and that they were put on this earth not to serve man, but because God created them the same way that he created us. This meant that St. Francis respected the animals as sentient beings with souls. This is clearly not the way that man thinks of animals, if one considers factory farms. For instance, the ethicist Peter Singer, who believes the way that St. Francis did, that animals were not put on this earth to serve us, but they were created in their own right, details how humans treat animals. For instance, he states, in his book The Meat and Milk Factories: The Ethics of How We Eat (2006) that pigs are kept in a crate that is so small that they cannot turn around. Without even hay to sleep on, this is all these pigs know – this tiny crate. The breeding sows are kept in tiny crates that are only a foot longer than their bodies, while being forced to have litter after litter. Male pigs are castrated with an anesthetic. Cows are not treated much better. For instance, the veal cow is put into a dark crate for 16 weeks. During this time, it has a tied neck and is basically starved of iron, so that it becomes anemic. Therefore, it is certain that man believes that animals are simply on this earth to be exploited by humans. Otherwise, there would be a greater outcry about how our animals are treated. Instead, the issue is mostly swept under the rug. In the recent United States Presidential election, the issue of animal rights and factory farms did not come up. Once. That is because of the belief that man has dominion over the animals. Because animals do not have soul, and because man is supposed to have dominion over them, that means that we can treat them any way that we want to treat th em, and forget that they have feelings and can sense pain and fear. But the fact that factory farms are cruel is just one part of the equation. The other part is that they are bad for the environment. Thus, the factory farming lends credence to Smith's overall thesis, which is that the Judeo-Christian ethic is bad for the environment. Michael Pollan explains why this is so. According to Pollan (2008), factory farms harm the environment because the animal waste is in such abundance, because meat in general is in such abundance, that it is no longer fertilizer, but a pollutant. The reason for this is because the

Medical law and ethics discussion questions Essay

Medical law and ethics discussion questions - Essay Example Physician’s duty in the medical field is to conduct diagnosis, offer referral services and update patients on their treatment procedures alongside articulation of the intended results. In the society, they have the role of counseling and advising parents, writing medical articles to enlighten the public and providing professional testimony on behalf of victims of torture seeking asylum. Their role has gradually changed from that of a director to that of the controller and health instructor (Stoddard et al 1). In addition to assessment of diseases and injury, healthcare providers treat the patients accordingly, provide care for them and enlighten them on the preventive measures associated with various ailments. Moreover, they run the facilities that offer the healthcare services (Stoddard et al 1). Managed care may affect one’s career through controls on the professional independence. Physician dissatisfaction is bound to arise if managed care infringes upon the physician’s relationships, practice approaches, decision making or controls for income (Stoddard et al 1). MCOs can only manage to offer the required form of care by ensuring the physicians, or medical professionals are satisfied since dissemination of care is upon them (Stoddard et al 1). They can only achieve this by revising the limits imposed on clinical autonomy, boosting patient confidence on physicians and involving physicians work schedule set up processes. Stoddard, Jeffrey, Lee Hargraves, Marie Reed and Alison Vratil. â€Å"Managed care, Proffessional Autonomy, and Income: Effects on Physician Career Satisfaction.† J Gen Intern Med 16.10(2001): 675-684.

Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evolution - Essay Example one has ever seen evolution happen, and that if it were a process in progress, evolution should still be right on course with numerous observable "transitional" forms of evidence. The arguments above are but valid in a sense for evolutionary processes in terms of changes in the genetic makeup across populations deem to have been observed in an array of scientific contexts, that include basic laboratory experiments with fruit flies, scientifically known as Drosophila melanogaster and even bacteria have never produced new types of insects. Chemically induced mutations in such organisms have only resulted in mild changes, which include, in the case of fruit flies, those with oversized to no wings, white or even purple eyes (DeBenedictis 383). The minor changes have never had significant change on the organisms, with the changes limited to variations. Even with such experiments being repeated over and over again since Darwin invented the theory, fruit flies remain fruit flies; not a single experiment has successfully changed the organism to a different species (Franklin

Case Study - Culinarian Cookware Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- Culinarian Cookware - Case Study Example The company has conducted previous price promotions of 20% discount in the year 2004 (for CX1 Tyro collection line), in the year 2005 (for CX1, DX1 line) and in the year 2006 (CX1 and DX1 line). Vice President of Marketing’s View Vice president of marketing for the company believes there is no need for adopting price promotion because that can hurt the premium brand image of the company. He took help of research report prepared by consulted to show that price promotion in 2004 impacted negatively to the profit margin of the company. The company hired external consultant to analyze profitability of 2004 price promotion. The consultant pointed out price promotion has caused of loss of $469, 489 as contribution during 2004 period. Time series analysis shows that unit sales for DX1 line decreased by 4800 units during price promotion hence external consultant concluded that $99,332 was lost as contribution DX1 product line due to brand cannibalization. Taking support from above men tioned statistics marketing vice president of the company concluded that price promotion for a single product line might increase sales revenue for that particular brand but it would eat the revenue of other brand. Price promotion for a particular product line will encourage customers to switch from purchasing other product lines offered by the company in order to purchase discounted products and as a result total revenue earned by Culinarian Cookware would be decreased. Senior Sales Manager’s View Senior sales manager is in support for price promotion and she pointed out that report of external consultant is apocryphal due to following reasons. Sales revenue for first quarter of 2004 was 24% low in comparison to sales revenue for the same quarter in 2003 hence due to external reasons. She concluded that company should not blame price promotion alone for the low sales volume of second quarter in 2004 and sales data for the year should be judged by lowering the margin by 24%. Inclusion of elements other than labor and raw material in variable cost calculation in the report was questioned by her. Cannibalization cost calculation method was also questioned by her. Industry Trend Research data shows offering gift with purchase is more successful push strategy in comparison to price promotion strategy. Competitors of Culinarian Cookware such as Robusto and Le Gourmand offer gifts with purchase. Multi dimensionality of the condition forced Culinarian Cookware to rethink about implementing price promotion strategy to increase sales revenue. Major marketing challenge for the company is to select a pricing strategy which can help them achieve sustainable growth in near future. Analysis of the Current Situation Strength Culinarian Cookware sells premium range cookware products and also the market leader with 6.5% market share in the premium product segment. They offer four product lines complemented with Tyro Collection (CX1), Classic Collection (DX1), Advanced C hef collection (SX1) and Professional Grade collection (PROX1). Variety of product line helps the company to cater multidimensionality of customer’s demand. Sales and distribution channel for the company is

Modern Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Modern Management - Research Paper Example Application of these factors in career includes reviewing when product sales are dropping and trying to determine the cause for it. This could include creating market research studies to find commonalities in product sentiment from customers or conducting auditing of multiple business divisions to find out whether failures are human-related or process-related. After identifying the cause, planning can determine potential solutions for improving motivation in workers or changing systems to be more adaptable to customer needs for better product outputs. Resistance to change is one challenge expected in both of these factors. Fairholm (2009) identifies that people are resistant to change if they do not feel loyalty or trust the manager. Scanning the organizational environment for failures would raise suspicions in employees and depending on their attitudes and values, they will resist providing information about new operational planning as it relates to their job roles. The human resource perspective will be required to prevent change, since it focuses on relationship development, improving loyalty and motivation, and responds to the emotional and values-based needs of employees. Planning should be linked with employee empathy more than scientific

Discussion Dynamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Dynamic - Essay Example The management ha s three elements thus, strategic analysis, strategic choice stage and the strategic implementation stage. Strategic management focuses on the efficiency of the organization with provisions of consistency, rationality, and flexibility (Spector, 2013). Motivation is influenced primarily by the disincentives and perceived incentives. This contributes to desirability to implement an intervention. Motivation may be both organizational or individual based and narrows down to the implemented intervention. It includes anticipated outcome, collective expectations, and the pressure for change (Pathak, 2010). Capacity of an organization is attributed to maintaining an organization’s functions such as effective leadership and sufficient staffing and connecting with the community. This includes current infrastructure, processes of the organization and culture of the organization. The capacity is linked to whether the organization is able to implement the interventions (Øystein, 2009). The capacities needed to facilitate intervention include technical, fiscal conditions and the human. These are necessary for successful implementation of an intervention that has quality and future. Every new policy and practice has its skills and the required knowledge needed for quality implementation. Similarly, the organization’s readiness for implementation of any program is expressed as R=MC2 (Lewis, 2011). The implication of this is that when one component nears zero, then it is a multiplicative relationship and it is assumed that the organization is not ready for the implementation of the

Effects of Colonial America Essay Example for Free

Effects of Colonial America Essay Despite the fact the regions of New England and the Chesapeake Bay were settled by people of English origin, the two areas evolved into two different societies. The changes in the formation of colonial America occurred because of the motivations for settlement, economic opportunities in the area, and the structure of towns and cities differed among the settlers. The New England colonies’ were established from the motivation of religious freedom and to cleanse the English church, while the Chesapeake region was settled to make a profit in the mother country, England. The New England colonies began with the settlement of the pilgrims likewise known as the Puritans. The Puritans first emerged in England, to escape religious persecution and to cleanse themselves of the corrupt English church the Puritans fled to the New England region The Puritans feared what the future of England held in store, so the majority of them immigrated with their families to New England all around the same time, which is known today as the great migration. This led the New England colonies to be primarily family based. On the other hand, the Chesapeake Bay colonies’ were founded quite differently. The Chesapeake settlers’ motivation in settlement was result of the poor economic conditions in England. Immigrants hoped for a better life and better economic standing in the new world. The majority of these immigrants were single men who came over as indentured servants, and served for five to seven years before being released as a free man. This in turn lead the Chesapeake region to be entirely male dominate. In addition to indentured servants, wealthy men also immigrated to the new world in hopes to find gold, but instead found an item worth far greater, tobacco. This discovery of tobacco in the fertile soils of the Chesapeake caused the complete dividing point in the foundation of the Chesapeake and the New English opportunities in the area. Because of the perfect conditions the area of the Chesapeake posed, tobacco became the largest profit for the mother county, England. Tobacco was known as the gold of Virginia, which was the first Chesapeake colony. England, having realized the importance of tobacco fought for control over these colonies and succeeded, making the Chesapeake apart of royal colonies of the New World. On the very contrast were the New England colonies that didn’t have the right condition to profit from the growing of tobacco, so instead wealthy merchants traded with the Indians to obtain furs and other needed items. This resulted in New England not to become targeted as a resource by England’s crown. Thus New England did not become part of the royal colonies such as the Chesapeake did. This in turn made the New England colonies more suitable for families to settle and establish homes and churches. With the immigration of families into the New England society, the establishment of towns and cities resulted in a stark contrast to the Chesapeake Bay colonies. Returning to the Puritan families, the settlement of groups of families caused towns and cities to be built, with the church creating religious principals. The living conditions made it ideal for families to reside and because of this birth rate and survival were higher in New England. The establishment of towns created a more stable foundation for the New England colonies. Never the less, the lack of families in the Chesapeake region caused a deficiency of towns to be built. This in return caused little social unity and no stable family life. Men outnumbered women in the region and the high death rate in this area caused large numbers of single men, widows, and orphans. Without the establishment of towns, large tobacco plantations became the soul of the Chesapeake. This resulted in very distinct societies of the Chesapeake and New England. All things considered, the contrast of the Chesapeake and New England societies is marked by motivation for settlement, thus shown in the types of immigrants’ beliefs. In addition, the area also gave a startling impact to how the land was settled, which resulted in the making of towns verses the running of large plantations. Even though the setters all came from the same place, these slight differences made a huge impact in the Chesapeake and New England colonies.

Motivation Of Employees In Fierce Competition Business Essay

Motivation Of Employees In Fierce Competition Business Essay Due to the furious competition in different markets, ways to motivate employees can be seen as a key factor to companies, which has a significant value that should not be ignored by employers. Meanwhile, due to the highly competition between businesses, an improvement in employees creativeness and productivity will be more likely for companies to achieve the final goal. Therefore, companies should identify a motivation method that can be the best way for them to motivate staff, in order to reduce absenteeism and dissatisfaction problems. There are, however, a variety of methods to motivate workers, which can be classified into two typesfinancial, and non-financial motivation theories. Financial motivation methods, recommended in Taylors theories, value money and work conditions as the best way to encourage employees. The other type is non-financial methods, which was recommended in Mayos theories, stresses satisfying employees higher-level motivational needs. Maslows theory different iates needs into different levels, including basic and higher-level needs, and Herzberg developed a two-factor theory, which combines the two types of methods suggesting a combination would be necessary. Based on a series of analyses and comparisons, it is suggested that a mixture of both financial and non-financial motivational methods would be the most effective in increasing employees motivation and productivity. According to financial motivation theories, staff could be mainly motivated by financial rewards, such as salary, bonus and fringe benefits which are highly recommended in the lower level needs of Maslows theories and Taylors Scientific Management theory. There are, however, some defects in their theories that have been found in practice. (Hall et al, 2008) Figure 1: Maslow Hierarchy of needs (Docsiva, 2009) According to Maslows theory, a desirable payment, a comfortable work conditions or a good protection system for employees rights will lead to an increase of employees work motivation. As shown in Figure 1, physiological needs and safety needs are at the bottom of the pyramid, which means, salaries, food, security and physical protection are rudimentary needs for employees. According to Hall, et al (2008), fringe benefits is one of the financial methods which is defined as an extra payment besides wages or salaries, such as health care or pension would works as a useful financial motivation for employees to increase their work productivity. Air Product, the supplier of industrial gas, provides its staff with free yoga classes, skill training courses, and free annual medical checks to improve employees satisfaction (Hall et al, 2008) Cecilia, an employee in Air Product, said that her expertise and belongingness have been improved by these training courses in the company. (Air Products, 2009) All in all, motivated workers tend to make a greater effort at work to earn the financial rewards, which will in turn have a positive result in the companys profit growth. Another supporter of financial motivation is the father of Scientific Management Taylor, who argued that money can motivate staff most effectively. In Taylors theory, piece rate is another financial reward which argued that employers should make payments to workers based on the amount of work done by each employee in order to boost productivity. Taylors statement, however, seems to describe employees as machines without feelings or needs. (Hall et al, 2008) As Tutor2u (2009) stated, Taylors theory completely ignores other needs of workers, which may leads to problems of dissatisfaction or discouragement some employees. From a more comprehensive perspective, financial motivation can obviously encourage staff by giving them good payment or fringe benefits, but financial rewards cannot meet their psychological needs. Differing from financial motivation, non-financial methods, such as empowerment and team working can satisfy employees psychological needs which were recommended in Maslows upper level needs and Elton Mayo human relations theory. (Hall. et al, 2008) Non-financial motivation can be more valuable to employees in meeting their upper-level needs, which includes love and belong, esteem needs and self-actualization in Maslows pyramid. Based on Hall et al (2008), employee sense of community is at the fourth level (esteem needs) of Maslows pyramid which allows employees to be trusted and valued in the companies where they works in, therefore encouraged employees will be more productivity. Empowerment is one of the non-financial methods, which has a significantly effect on motivating the workforce by allowing them to take part in the decision making of a company. These ideas also are recommended by Mayos human relations theory. (Hall et al, 2008) Furthermore, teamwork is another way for companies to motivate their staff, which satisfies the third level needs in Maslows theories (love belong). In this situation, employees will be distributed into different groups and work together, so that employees can learn more professional skills from their partners and share responsibility in their teams. To demonstrate the effectiveness of teamwork, Hall et al (2008) also stated that cooperation between employees in team working can lead to an efficient working process and a higher chance to succeed at work. According to Free online research papers (2009), Starbucks usually provides an interactive and cooperative atmosphere for their employees, which can help them share responsibility in works and prevent them from getting bored. To look at another example, teamwork has been put into Volvos Uddevalla. Workers in each individual team are skilled enough to produce cars in time, hence, stocks has been avoided in this situation and the productivity has been increased (Ake, 2007) Therefore, employees in teamwork and empowerment systems will make a greater effort to achieve their companies goals because they all feel responsible and encouraged from their work. Employees cannot work without giving them pay; however, they are more likely feel dissatisfied if the companies overlook their psychological needs. As a result, a mixture of non-financial motivation methods and financial motivation methods can lead to higher productivity. Herzberg, another motivation professor, developed two-factor theory which considers both financial and non-financial motivation factors for the employees (Hall et al., 2008). Firstly, Herzberg analyzed numerous cases in which companies motivated the staff by recognizing their effort and giving the workers confidence which can be seen as non-financial motivation. Secondly, Herzberg stated that companies can boost employees productivity by improving hygiene and maintenance conditions, such as good canteens or free medical checks, which are considered to financial motivation (Hall et al., 2008) Employees may be satisfied by a good work environment, for instance, the largest business software producer, SAP, primarily mo tivated its staff with a good money payment, however, in order to encourages staff, SAP now also provides a free lunch, health care and a team work environment to each employee which adequately enhance employees satisfaction. (BBC News, 2003) Take Savoir Beds is another example which is a small company produces high quality beds. According to BBC News (2003), employees in Take Savoir Bed were motivated by pride in their work rather than bonuses. Therefore, besides money payment and good physiological conditions, communication such as teamwork or feeling can also motivate employees to work more efficiently. To sum up, financial methods motivate employees by salaries, fringe benefits and good conditions, however, non-financial methods such as empowerment, team working and esteem will provide an intrinsic motivation to the staff to work. It is suggested that companies should satisfy both physiological needs and psychological needs to motivate their employees to work more efficiently. As mentioned above, different types of companies should consider different motivation methods. Manufactories can use financial motivation methods due to most of their employees are low-income. Employees with higher income should be motivated with non-financial motivational methods to increase their productivity and work efficiency. Sometimes an attractive payment cannot really motivate the workers in the long run, therefore, it is also necessary for companies to satisfy their employees psychological needs to increase productivity and maximize their profits.

Emilio Aguinaldo Was The President Of Philippines History Essay

Emilio Aguinaldo Was The President Of Philippines History Essay Emilio Aguinaldo was the president of Philippines at age 28 and was the leader of the Pilipino Revolt. He pushed strongly for independence from Spain and conquered much land although he later loss to America in the Philippine-American War. 1899 Open Door Policy After the boxer rebellion and opium wars, China closed its ports to rest of the world. The US proposed a peaceful note to China to ask them to open their ports for equal trade around the world. The USs Secretary of State, John Hay, sent the note to the other world powers and they said they would agree only if the other powers agreed. Eventually they did and China had to open its ports 1899 Samuel Golden Rule Jones Samuel Jones was the mayor of Toledo, Ohio. He established many progressive reforms that improved working conditions for workers in the town and became extremely popular by promoting the Golden Rule, coining his nickname. 1900 Spheres of Influence This is where when a country dominates a territory no one else can perform trade or other transactions. It began between Germany and Britain when they had a dispute over territories in the Gulf of Guinea. 1900 Charles and Mary Beard This couple was of the most influential socialists of the 20th century. They believed that economics influenced the society rather than its leaders. 1901 Big Stick Diplomacy This coined phrase represented Roosevelts adjustments to the Monroe Doctrine. It got its name from Roosevelt speaking softly but carrying a big stick. 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike This was a strike in Pennsylvania where the mine workers asked for shorter work days, higher pay and to be recognized as a union. It got so bad that President Roosevelt intervened, neutrally, and gave the workers what they wanted. The owners got paid more for their coal as well. 1903 Hay-Buneau-Varilla Treaty This was the treaty that granted America permission to build the Panama Canal. It was between John Hay and Philpe Buneau-Varilla. They negotiated only after Panama got their independence from Columbia. 1904 Roosevelt Corollary Taking points from the Monroe Doctrine, this policy, created by Roosevelt, said that the US would be the protectorate of the western hemisphere. It also said the US would interfere in foreign affairs only if it felt the need. 1904 Northern Securities Case This case is significant because it is the first time the government successfully broke up a monopoly. A railroad company owned by Morgan, Hill, and Hammer, had managed to collect numerous stocks and beat out its competitors. This cases ended companies merging together and the court ruled that the company was violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. 1905 International Workers of the World This was a group of unskilled workers who came together to breakup classes. It was comprised of many well-known activists for unions and labors. 1905 Wobblies This was what the people of the International Workers of the World called themselves. Their main purpose was to get rid of capitalism or free enterprise. 1907 Gentlemens Agreement This was an agreement between the US and Japan stating that no one could enter US with the intent to work. Later discrimination rose against Asians in America. The agreement settled this dispute and an understanding against immigrants were made. The Immigration Act of 1924 nullified this agreement. 1907 Great White Fleet This was when America sent 16 white large battleships on expeditions around the world. This was meant to show that America was a world power and their navy was increasing and improving. 1909 Dollar Diplomacy This diplomacy was established during Roosevelts presidency, but carried over into Tafts presidency. It stated that the US would give loans to countries in South, Central America and Asia, and ensured the safety of foreign affairs. This policy encouraged investments of the US. 1909 Insurgents Revolt This was a rebellion of the Cuban people against the Spanish. Americans provoked it with yellow journalism and eventually America got involved and led to the Spanish-American War 1909 Ballinger Pinchot Affair This was a dispute within politics in the White House. Pinchot found out that Ballinger was giving his friends rights to mine on government protected lands, so he told the president. The president, Taft, approved of it and Pinchot got mad, got fired, and told the press. During the 1912 election, this dispute split the Republican Party, thus allowing Wilson to win. 1912 Moral Diplomacy Created by President Wilson, this policy said that America would remain neutral during WWI. It also said that the U.S, would protect and democrat Latin American country. It promoted peace and advancement of America. 1912 New Freedom This was a campaign slogan made by Wilson, which promised many new reforms and policies made by the government. This took place during Wilsons first term in office and described the progressive era. 1912 New Nationalism This was the policy where Roosevelt said that government would control businesses. He promoted human rights and well-being as his slogan in the 1912 election. 1913 Triple Wall Privilege During the election of 1912, Wilson promoted taking out banks, tariffs, and trusts. He did this by eliminating the influence of lobbyist, signing the Federal Reserve Act, and Clayton Antitrust Act. 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff Under President Wilson, this tariff reinforced the federal income tax lowering it from 40% to 25%. It caused many business and people to go into debt and almost ended the prosperity era they had just experienced. 1913 Federal Reserve System This was the main banking system of America, created to stabilized Americas finances and monetary system. It was established in the Federal Reserve Act, under President Wilson. 1914 Panama Canal Wilson set out to increase trade and reduce travel time of ships so he proposed to build a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. The Panama Canal is a 48 mile long canal with a series of locks that allow large ships to pass through. This is an important travel center for sea traveling. 1915 Birth of a Nation D. W. Griffin This was a popular silent film based off the book the Clansman that told the story of a family after the Civil War. It covered very controversial topics and started the blackface era. 1915 Lusitania This was the British ship that Germany sunk, which had American citizens on board. The Americans said if the sinking of neutral ships doesnt end, they will be forced to enter the war, in which they later did. 1898 Black Jack Pershing Pershing was a highly accredited military man. He fought in the Spanish-American War and was deemed the highest ranking officer in WWI. The only ever person to have this title was President Washington. 1916 Sussex/Arabic Pledges During WWI, this was a pledge that said Germanys submarines couldnt attack neutral ships. This took place after the sinking of Lusitania. It made Germany change some of its warfare tactics. 1917 Zimmerman Note This was a note from Germany to Mexico asking for their alliance. America intercepted it and was infuriated. This was the last straw and America entered the world war. 1917 Committee of Public Information This was a committee of people put together to persuade Americans to join the army to fight in the war. They used great propaganda and advertisements to influence the citizens. 1917 Creel Committee Ran by George Creel, also called the Committee of Public Information, this committee spread encouragement to the Americans to join the army. They made it their mission to publish information about the war and turn their attention away from censorship to the war. 1918 Fourteen Points These were a set of suggestions, created by President Wilson, in which he presented to the Allies. These suggestions were to be a part of The Treaty of Versailles. Only some of the points were used in the treaty. 1919 Henry Cabot-Lodge During the war, Lodge was a very prominent figure in American politics, in that he opposed much f President Wilsons views. He was the leader of the Senate and strongly opposed the Treaty of Versailles because it did not include total submission of Germany. 1919 Irreconcilables These were people of Congress who opposed the League of Nations. They argued that America would be better off not being a part of the League of Nations and felt the treaty to be too harsh. 1920 Reservationists These were people of Congress who supported the League of Nations only if certain amendments were made to it. This group was led by Henry Lodge 1919 Treaty of Versailles This was the treaty that ended World War I. It gave full responsibility of the war to Germany and stated that they had to give back all acquired lands and pay for the damages. Germany soon became bitter and this involuntarily led to WWII. It also established the League of Nations. 1919 Volstead Act This act promoted the 18th Amendment and punished all those who violated the law. It also regulated the supply and sale of liquor. 1920 League of Nations This was a group of nations that came together after World War I that created and regulated actions of all the nations. It influenced many of the worlds ability to interact with each other and promoted peace. Proposed by Woodrow Wilson, surprisingly the US did not approve of the league and held out on entering.

Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Brown

Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† portrays the growth of Young Goodman Brown through vivid symbolic setting. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an allegory in which the setting is very important to the theme of the story. Throughout the narration, detailed setting and emblematic characters surround Goodman Brown. Goodman Brown is an Everyman character, which could be any one of us, struggling with his Puritan heritage, more specifically his spiritual faith. The setting is first introduced during a conversation between Goodman and his wife â€Å"Faith† which is symbolic of his struggle with his spiritual faith throughout the story. Standing in the doorway of his own home he turns to confront his wife, who encourages him to stay at home with her, the first expression in the story of his internal conflict with his â€Å"faith†. Walking away from his wife, he begins to question himself in several ways. Why is he leaving? What is he longing for? Where exactly is he going? â€Å"â€Å"Poor little Faith!† Thought he, for his heart smote him. â€Å"What a wretch am I to leave her on such an errand!†Ã¢â‚¬  (391) Without knowing the exact answer to any of the questions he enters the woods, dark and dreary, which Hawthorne uses to express the sense of evil. To understand the significance of the setting you have to understand the background of the Puritan culture which Hawthorne doesn’t state but expects the reader to know. Puritans live their lives for God. They believe everyone and everything is evil and one must live his life so to not unleash this inborn sin. Throughout the story, Goodman struggles with his own image of faith. Just as any young adult may step back and question their initial upbringing, he too, questions his forefathers. He doesn’t want to become who they were, the common feeling among younger generations. Brown could be any one of us who as we mature begin to discover flaws in our families and acquaintances we knew not existed. Continuing down his path in the woods he runs across a man â€Å"in grave and decent attire†. The word â€Å"grave† suggests the danger and seriousness of the journey. Soon the author persuades us that this man represents the devil in Goodman’s struggle with his beliefs. The man is willing to lead Goodman deep into the forest, or in other words, deep into sin. The man even addresses Brown telling him... ... himself from the generations before; he cannot completely separate himself from his parent’s faith and culture without losing his own identity. Hawthorne displays vivid setting throughout â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† to help him deal with the insecurities concerning not only his character but also his own forefathers and his own faith. The setting in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is critical to understanding the internal struggle for maturation of the main character. From â€Å"Faith† his wife, his journey through the dark and lonely yet demon- populated woods, supernatural happenings, Hawthorne takes his readers on an adventure filled with symbolic setting. To fully appreciate and understand â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† one must recognize with and pull out the expression of allegory Hawthorne uses to fulfill the curiosity in young maturing minds. Goodman Brown could be any of us, struggling with the inconsistencies in our own lives, and the unknown journeys we will venture to take while trying to form our own identities of self and mature into functioning adults in our society. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodmam Brown", The Story and Its Writer, 4th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston:

Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers

Rhetorical Analysis: Quick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 Player Audience The audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like; What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owner’s manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesn’t want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers’ design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long. Purpose The overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owner’s manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG. Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers Rhetorical Analysis: Quick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 Player Audience The audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like; What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owner’s manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesn’t want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers’ design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long. Purpose The overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owner’s manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG.

The Social Triangle and A Retrieved Reformation :: Author Writer O Henry

In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The time period in which O. Henry's finest works created, occurred in the late 1800's to the early 1900's where he dazzled readers with his unorthodox, romantic style. A short story titled "A Retrieved Reformation" written by O. Henry, who sold it to George Tyler who later turned the work into a Broadway show. "Alias Jimmy Valentine"as it came to be called dazzled America, England, France, and Spain for over a decade. In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. "The Social Triangle" one of the great works by O. Henry, uses symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The triangle includes a poor hard-working, lower-class man named Ikey Snigglefritz who uses his whole weeks pay to setup drinks for a middle-class man named Billy McMahon. Ikey's wife and her three sisters become outraged at his actions. Despite their animosity toward him, he gladly gave up his pay to spend it on someone whom he admires and the way he spent his wages is a symbol of achievement. "Ikey threw is week's wages in a crumbled roll upon the bar." With only slight hesitation, Ikey made a friendly gesture to a man of a higher class who will probably never know how hard it he worked to get that money. Both Ikey and Billy got their jollies by shaking the hand of someone from a social class above them. Van Duyskink got his jollies by shaking the hand of the impoverish Ikey Snigglefritz which happens to classify as a plot twist. "To solve the improbable triangle, Van Duyskink...impulsively leaves his car to grasp the hand of Ikey Snigglefritz. The plot appears to be twisted because nobody expects Van Duyskink to be happy to shake the hand of a poor man due to the fact that he is a millionaire. O. Henry developed Ikey and Billy through the story by using characterization. Henry describes Billy McMahon as "...the greatest man, the most wonderful man...flushed and triumphant and mighty. Henry goes on to represent just how important and wonderful this man is. Ikey is described by Henry when he says that Ikey is, ". The Social Triangle and A Retrieved Reformation :: Author Writer O Henry In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The time period in which O. Henry's finest works created, occurred in the late 1800's to the early 1900's where he dazzled readers with his unorthodox, romantic style. A short story titled "A Retrieved Reformation" written by O. Henry, who sold it to George Tyler who later turned the work into a Broadway show. "Alias Jimmy Valentine"as it came to be called dazzled America, England, France, and Spain for over a decade. In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. "The Social Triangle" one of the great works by O. Henry, uses symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The triangle includes a poor hard-working, lower-class man named Ikey Snigglefritz who uses his whole weeks pay to setup drinks for a middle-class man named Billy McMahon. Ikey's wife and her three sisters become outraged at his actions. Despite their animosity toward him, he gladly gave up his pay to spend it on someone whom he admires and the way he spent his wages is a symbol of achievement. "Ikey threw is week's wages in a crumbled roll upon the bar." With only slight hesitation, Ikey made a friendly gesture to a man of a higher class who will probably never know how hard it he worked to get that money. Both Ikey and Billy got their jollies by shaking the hand of someone from a social class above them. Van Duyskink got his jollies by shaking the hand of the impoverish Ikey Snigglefritz which happens to classify as a plot twist. "To solve the improbable triangle, Van Duyskink...impulsively leaves his car to grasp the hand of Ikey Snigglefritz. The plot appears to be twisted because nobody expects Van Duyskink to be happy to shake the hand of a poor man due to the fact that he is a millionaire. O. Henry developed Ikey and Billy through the story by using characterization. Henry describes Billy McMahon as "...the greatest man, the most wonderful man...flushed and triumphant and mighty. Henry goes on to represent just how important and wonderful this man is. Ikey is described by Henry when he says that Ikey is, ".

Lenovo Case Analysis Essay

Competing at a global scale requires profound brand equity. Lenovo is a well-known brand in China (as Legend) but it cannot become a global technology giant like Dell or Hewlett-Packard, by merely acquiring the Personal Systems Division of IBM, whose products are popular across the world. Normally, the key challenge in establishing global brands lies in devising the manner in which a company can position its brands in customers’ mindsets, while taking into account global competition that comes from national and international suppliers (Wright, Millman & Martin, 2007, p. 139). Lenovo has to engage in intelligent marketing to attract consumers and make itself a force to reckon with in the global personal computer industry. According to the case study, the global PC industry is highly competitive with the leading performers being Dell, HP, Lenovo and its IBM acquisition, and Acer and Fujistu-Siemens among other corporations and vendors locked in tight competition (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 2-3). Therefore, Lenovo has a daunting task to create brand equity to thrive at a global scale. The Key Issues The issue that Lenovo is principally dealing with is how it can effectively enter into the global market, where it is not only struggling against the competition, but is also dogged by an incredulous market. On the surface, the deal between Lenovo and IBM seems to give the former a platform for success due to the complementary nature of the operations of the two firms and because the deal facilitates the expansion of Lenovo’s operations from China and Asia to over 138 countries in the world, where IBM is established (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 6). However, in a marketing research that the company conducts among 4,000 IBM customers, the concerns raised are that the innovation, quality, and service and support are going to be negatively impacted by the takeover of IBM brands by Lenovo (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 9). The grievances held by the consumers are a major undoing to Lenovo’s attempts to create strong brand equity. The criticism shows that the customers harbor negative brand knowledge about Lenovo. Brand knowledge consists of brand awareness and brand image (Wright et al., 2007, p. 140).  Normally, brand knowledge determines the directions that the brand takes and, in turn, this influences the decision that marketers take in creating a brand promise, which entails informing the public about the positive essence of the brand and its purpose (Kotler, 2012, p. 115). The competition must be addressed seriously through a brand promise, with strong product dimensions. A brand’s dimensions differentiate an offering from other offerings that are aimed at satisfying the same need by either emphasizing on product performance by introducing functional, rational, or tangible differences or by emphasizing the symbolic, emotional, or intangible factors (Kotler, 2012, p. 114). Lenovo has the chance to utilize the brand equity creation process that emphasizes on the product performance in the phase of introducing itself into the global market, while intending to rely on the latter dimension in the long run. Brand equity is created by thoroughly satisfying the presence, relevance, performance, advantage, and bonding dimensions, in an increasing order of importance (Kotler, 2012, p. 116). Profound consumer loyalty is achieved after the firm attains a market share. Companies acquire a share of the heart and a share of the mind of customers by being authentic and genuine, aspects, which lead to higher, market share and profitability (Kotler, 2012, p. 135). As much as the chief marketing officer of Lenovo states that branding is a business issue rather than a marketing issue, the brand is a matter of the perception created by product’s substance and marketers’ efforts. Alternative Courses of Action The courses of action that can be taken by Lenovo include establishing a master brand, a house of brands, synergy approach, or the strategy referred commonly as Lexus/Toyota. First, the master brand strategy can be useful for creating a brand equity for Lenovo on a worldwide scale, but there are fears that the ThinkPad influence may be lost if this strategy is adopted. Second, the house of brands approach can enable the firm to establish many brands at once, but it is expensive to market the different brands. Third, the synergy approach will let the company have Lenovo as a master brand, while the ThinkPad shall be regarded as a superior sub-brand. Fourth, under the Toyota/Lexus strategy, a premium line of ThinkPad brands are established alongside basic Lenovo brands (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 9). Evaluation of  the Alternative Courses of Action The course of action that the company should choose has to address the global market conditions, while also upholding Lenovo’s desire to compete internationally. To gauge the conditions in this market environment, the company engages in extensive marketing research. The research comes in handy in helping the company to make well-informed decisions, to understand the marketplace, and most importantly, to learn about customer satisfaction and the value of goods on offer. In addition, the advantages of the primary data collected are that the respondents pinpoint their challenges concerning the use of personal computers in business, give voice to current concerns, and enable the firm to gauge the needs in different nations. The master brand option is challenging to Lenovo since the market regards it as untrustworthy. The high level of dishonesty with which Chinese firms are regarded in the rest of the world is a major detractor to the success of this strategy (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 8). If this approach is chosen, building favorable brand knowledge would not be an easy thing for Lenovo, in spite of having the reputable ThinkPad brand at its disposal. The ThinkPad acquisition doubtlessly makes Lenovo have a comparative advantage in the global scope. The ThinkPad has already won a lot of accolades for design and engineering innovations since it was introduced in 1992, with some of its superior qualities being power, portability, and wireless networking (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 6). The marketers in Lenovo must therefore create positive brand knowledge if they choose this option. Failure to achieve this means that even the premium ThinkPad brand shall be thought of as an inferior product by consumers. The house of brands option would make the company incur a lot of expenses in the marketing function, without necessarily achieving the desirable sales of any of the brands. The company’s CMO concedes that this strategy cannot succeed since the company had limited resources at the time (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 9). House-of-brands has brands that are independent, which are somewhat endorsed by the organizational brand (Rajagopal & Sanchez, 2004, p. 238). However, the reputation of the Lenovo as an organization in the international market is not favorable at this juncture hence it cannot promote brands effectively. The synergy approach, which entails a master brand getting recognition  partially due to a superior sub-brand, would require investments to jointly build the Lenovo and the ThinkPad brands (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 9). The ThinkPad sub-brand would be expected to be a co-driver in the success of Lenovo. The shortcoming of this approach is that the association might taint the image of the prestigious brand if the brands do not have comparable qualities (Aaker & Joachimsthaler, 2000, p. 15). Clearly, ruining of the ThinkPad brand will certainly end up undoing the entry of Lenovo into the global market. The Toyota/Lexus strategy will force Lenovo to establish luxury and mass market brands separately. This strategy will entail implementation of dissociated brands, with each expected to perform well within its segment. However, under the global environment into which the firm is entering, creation of a mass product is not feasible. The use of PCs has become ubiquitous and consumers are looking for enhanced innovation, better quality and reliability, tighter security, and better design (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 10). To offer customers the desired product, the firm was supposed to invest in enhancing computer products, rather than producing low quality cheap products. As a result, this strategy can make the company lose its core business. After considering all the branding strategy options, Lenovo managers should appropriately consider the category membership under competitive frame of reference. Category membership refers to the products with which a brand competes and which are close substitutes to it (Kotler, 2012, p. 130). The managers should to establish points of differences that would make the company have a competitive edge. At the present, Lenovo pursues a legacy of customer focus, innovation, and dependability (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 7). These aspects have a potential of making make the products it offers distinctive and superior in comparison to competitors in the global market. The focus of the company should be on long-term holistic performance of its products. A well established brand value drives brand loyalty among customers, making the company to enjoy security of demand, making it hard for new competitors to enter the market, and making the customers willing to pay a higher prices for the offering (Kotler, 2012, p. 114). The Best Course of Action According to the facts presented in the case, the adoption of Lenovo as a master brand is the best course of action. Though this alternative is risky,  it is worthy because of the ultimate good image it would create for all the brands on offer at a global scale. Making Lenovo a master brand helps to make the core products of the company to the entire world. Master or family branding is where a family brand is associated with several brand extensions. The use of the company’s brand name across the entire products’ range lowers development costs and boosts sales if the corporate image is associated with innovativeness, expertise, and reliability, which are factors that influence consumer evaluations directly (Kotler, 2012, p. 123). The company actually chooses to use this strategy with great level of ingenuity. The first global advertising campaign is signed off with â€Å"ThinkPad,† the second campaign emphasizes that Lenovo is doing better than IBM by improving the ThinkPad, while the third campaign stresses that the Lenovo master brand represents innovation (Quelch & Knoop, 2006, p. 10). Introduction of brand extension is facilitated under the master brand. New products that are introduced as brand extensions often succeed because the customers’ expectations of the new product are based on their knowledge about the parent brand and how relevant they find the information (Kotler, 2012, p. 123). Any product sold under an umbrella of a brand name develops an identity out of the customers’ perceptions of the product, the marketing activity, word-of-mouth marketing, and the individual psychological set of customers (Wright, et al., 2007, p. 140). In effect, corporate brand endorsement in the international markets reassures consumers and is an integrating force, which unifies different brand identities on a global scale (Rajagopal & Sanchez, 2004, 246). Assurance that consumers benefit from the product is vital for successful marketing. Moreover, brand equity is leveraged in a new context if the master brand makes the product more appealing to customers and its positive associations are relevant and appropriate (Aaker & Joachimsthaler, 2000, p. 18). With the master brand strategy in place, continuous success of the Lenovo brand and its extensions is guaranteed. References Aaker, D. A. & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). The brand relationship spectrum: The key to the brand architecture challenge. California Management Review, 42(4), 8-23. Kotler, Philip. (2012). A Framework for Marketing Management, P. Kotler and K. L. Keller (Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson education Inc. Quelch, J. & Knoop, C. (2006). Lenovo: Building a global brand. Harvard Business School. Rajagopal & Sanchez, R. (2004). Conceptual analysis of brand architecture and relationships within product categories. Brand Management, 11(3), 233–247. Wright, L. T. Millman, C. & Martin, L. M. (2007). Research issues in building brand equity and global brands in the pc market. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(1-2), 137-155.

Comprehensive assignment Essay

1. (5 pts) pull back the metabolic dish out providing your skill date you were base on balls (at an easy pace) before the bee stung you. embarrass which grains atomic number 18 being consumed.The metabolic crop providing my brawn while I was propel at an easy pace is oxidative metabolic edge. During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria absorb from the sur rotunding cytol these iotas ADP, phosphate ions, O2, and organic substances like pyruvate. These elements go by the citric acid cycle. The negatron transport chain is withal involve to create adenosine triphosphate. For each molecule of pyruvate that goes into the citric acid cycle, the cadre gains 17 adenosine triphosphate molecules. Glycogen reserves can besides be used and converted to glucose. Glycolysis breaks protrude glucose molecules to create more pyruvate. However, if not ample glycogen is available, the cell can withal use amino acids and rima orisids to do this. This is a real(prenominal) effici ent dish and alike b arely contributes a calculate of the adenosine triphosphate during aerobic metabolism. At check into levels of performance, most of the energy during aerobic metabolism comes from work done by the mitochondria. The muscles ent rund during this act need all of the energy produced as adenosine triphosphate, and there is no trim odd over in this especial(a) metabolic process if muscle employment join ons ( heft Tissue P. 306-7).2. (8 pts) decode the locomote of the bee from your outer ear to sensing. (Include all focalizationing, conduction, transduction, contagious disease and perception processes and structures).Sound vibrations from the buzzing bee joggle the air molecules as twitch waves more or less my ear and enter the auricle which is cone-shaped in order to direct these audio recorduroying waves into the ear via the external acoustic meatus. The voice waves reach the tympanic membrane through the external acoustic meatus and get it to vibrate. When the tympanic membrane turn tails, it causes the auditory ossicles to move. The auditory ossicles atomic number 18 do up of the malleus, incus, and stapes. These ossicles be Copernican because they amplify the sound. The stapes whence transfers this driveway to the oval window and the drag waves move through the perilymph of the scala vestibuli. These waves thus disturb the basilar membrane as they move toward the round windowof the scala tympani. This causes vibrations of hair cells against the tectorial membrane. The nurture about where the sound originated and about how strong the pressure waves are is interpreted by the fundamental nervous sy paper over the cochlear branch of cranial strikingness eight (The Special Senses P. 584-5).3. (4 pts) Turn your head to the right. (Create a defer that puffs which muscles move which bones crosswise which joints infra the prevail of which plaque). follow outMuscleOrigin first appearance gist change sh ape head towards shoulder and turns face to enemy sideSternocleidomastoidClavicular head attaches to sternal end of collarbone sternal head attaches to manubrium. Mastoid kingdom of skull and lateral pass share of greatest nuchal lineAccessory organisation XI cervical Spinal poise (C2-C3) Rotates and laterally flexes make do to that side, Splenius (Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis)Spinous processes and ligaments connecting inferior cervical and superior pectoral vertebrae, Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull, and superior cervical vertebrae, Cervical Spinal braces Rotates and laterally flexes neck to that sideLongissimus capitis Transverse process of inferior cervical and superior pectoral vertebrae, Mastoid process of temporal boneCervical and thoracic spinal anaesthesia anaesthesia brass sections Rotates and laterally flexes neck to that sideLongissimus cervicis, Transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae. Transverse processes of pose and superior cerv ical vertebrae. Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves. Extends vertebral column and rotates toward confrontation side. Semispinalis cervicis. Transverse processes of T1-T5 or T6 Spinous processes of C2-C5Cervical spinal nerves Rotates head to that sideLongus capitis. Transverse processes of cervical vertebraeBase of the occipital boneCervical spinal nerves. Flexes or rotates neckLongus colliAnterior surfaces of cervical and superior thoracic vertebraeTransverse processes of superior cervical vertebraeCervical spinal nerves (The Muscular arranging P. 339-341)4. (6 pts) Move your snappers and look at the bee. (Create a table that describeswhich nerves overtop which muscles to cause the needed eye exercises).ActionMuscleOriginInsertionNerveEye looks polish up. Inferior Rectussphenoid around center canal. Inferior, average surface of eyeball. Oculomotor Nerve III Eye looks laterally. Lateral Rectus. Sphenoid around ocular canalLateral surface of eyeball. nervus abducens Nerve VI Eye rolls, looks grim and laterally. Superior ObliqueSphenoid around optic canal. Superior, lateral surface of eyeball. Trochlear Nerve IV (The Muscular System P. 335)5. (8 pts) Trace the learn of the bee to perception. (Include all focusing, transduction, transmission and perception processes and structures). later a retinal molecule absorbs light, the normally 11-cis form of the bound retinal molecule straightens to become the 11-trans from. This change activated the opsin molecule. Opsin activates transducin which is a G protein. This G protein then activates phosphodiesterase. Phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that breaks pig cyclic-GMP. The break- round off of cyclic-GMP removes them from the gated sodium channel and makes the gated sodium bring inactive. Because of this, sodium ion entry into the cytoplasm decreases. This sodium ion reduction then withers the dark current. restless transport continues to remove sodium ions from the cytoplasm even though the gated sodium c hannels are closed. This causes the transmembrane potential to drop down to -70 mV and hyperpolarize. This hyperpolarization decreases neurotransmitter release. The attached cell is then aware that the photoreceptor has absorbed a photon. A specific ganglion cell keeps track of a specific portion of the visual field. Rods are also called M cells and give the creative thinker information about a commonplace location of received photons and light preferably than very specific information.Cones are also called P cells and can be overmuch more specific than rods. The P cells are smaller and more numerous than M cells. This helps them be better at free information about edges, fine position and color. The activation of a P cell gives information about a very specific location. The P cells give luxuriously resolution information. Axons from the ganglion cells converge on the optic disc, penetrate the eye, and continue toward the diencephalon on the optic nerve.II. From there the i nformation is recess in half and give-up the ghosts to the back of the adept and to the occipital lobe. Together, the diencephalon and the brain stem process the information and control eye reflexes and student dilation and/or minginess in order to see clearer and focus in on an object. Depth perception is a phenomenon that takes place when the visual cerebral cortex of my occipital lobes reviews the slightly different information obtained by each eyeball. The superior colliculi of the mesencephalon make motor commands that control unconscious mind eye, head, and/or neck actions that respond to visual stimuli. My eyes in the bright spend light looking at a bee that is so close (on my right shoulder) are likely to constrict so as to limit the photon stimulation on my retina and so as to focus on alone the tiny bee (The Special Senses P. 569-74).6. (11 pts) Move your left field hand to swat the bee. (Create a table that describes which muscles move which bones across which j oints under the control of which nerves). Limit your coverion to the movement at the shoulder and elbow only (do not include any un-needed muscles nor discuss the movement at any opposite joints).ActionMuscleOriginInsertionNerveMove Left girdle Toward Right Side flexure and average rotation at shoulderDeltoid (anterior part)Clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Axillary nerve (C5-C6) Medial rotation at shoulder. SubscapularisSubscapular endocarp of scapula. Lesser tubercle of humerusSubscapular nerves (C5-C6) Adduction and medial rotation at shoulder. Teres MajorInferior angle of scapula. Passes medially to reach the medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus. Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6) Adduction and flexion at the shoulder. Coracobrachialis. Coracoid process. Medial margin of peckerwood of humerusMusculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7 Flexion, Adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder. Pectoralis Major. Cartilages of ribs 2-6, remains of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle. Crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerusPectoral nerves (C5-T1) Adduction and medial rotation at shoulderLatissimus DorsiSpinous processes of inferior thoracic and alllumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fasciaFloor of intertubercular groove of humerus. Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) Adduction at the shoulderTriceps brachii (long head)Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula olecranon of ulna. radial nerve (C6-C8) Bend left forearm towards right shoulderFlexion at elbow and shoulderBiceps brachiiShort head from the coracoid process long head from the supraglenoid tubercle two on the scapula eminence of radiusMusculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) Flexion at elbow Brachialis Anterior, distal surface of humerus Tuberosity of ulna Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) and radial nerve (C7-C8) Flexion at elbow. Brachioradialis Ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of humerusLateral aspect of styloid process of radius. Radial nerve (C5-C6) (The Muscular System P. 353-355)7. (2 pts) What molecule provided the energy for the movement of your arm?ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provided the energy for the movement of my arm.8. Feel the distract of the panger in your skin.a. (3 pts) What layers of the skin are penetrated and what weave types make them up?The shield is the outermost layer of skin, and it is made of differentiate squamous epithelium. The dermis is of late to the epidermis and it is made of dense irregular connective tissue. The hypodermis is deep to the dermis and is made of adipose tissue (The Tissue take of Organization P. 114-126).b. (5 pts) Trace the pain sensation from the receptors to perception.There are pain receptors on the shoulder that die to the underlying nervous trunk. Because a bee sting is a stinging, injection-like pain, it would be considered fast pain. fast pain sensations are carried by medullated Type A fibers. The myelination help s the information to travel faster down the neuron. The bee sting stimulates the dendrites ofnociceptors in the shoulder and causes depolarization. The initial segment of the axone must reach threshold in order to release an action potential. erstwhile an action potential is released, it travels by neurons to the commutation nervous system. When the action potential reaches the central nervous system, glutamate and/or substance P are released as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters make it easier for neurons to travel along pain piece of grounds. This is known as pain perception (Neural integrating I sensory(a) Pathways and the Somatic ill at ease(p) System P. 498).9. (8 pts) Explain your involuntary reception to this event. State which component is pickings control and describe exactly how that subdivision go out effect breathing rate, burden rate, and educatee size. (Note dont just describe the effect, but describe the control highway that leads to that effect, including any chemical messengers involved.)The harmonical division of the autonomic nervous system is taking control. This division increases breathing rate, breast rate, and pupil size. The visceral motor nuclei in the hypothalamus activates autonomic nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord. The brain stem and spinal cord in turn activate autonomic ganglia that then stimulate visceral effectors much(prenominal) as smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes. down muscle effectors affect downslope vessels by constricting them and increasing telephone circuit pressure and speeding up blood arise in order to increase atomic number 8 circulation. The smooth muscle also affects the chokepoint/dilation of the lungs. The sympathetic nervous system wants to dilate the lungs to increase breathing pass judgment and oxygen intake. The glands that are stimulated cause the body to perspire. The cardiac muscle increases heart rate. Adipocytes can be used for energy because they are fatty acids (lipids) and can be used to make ATP during glycolysis very quickly (Neural Integration II The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions P. 518-523).10. (6 pts) exposit the elements of the homeostatic control system that caused the suds and the red skin. Include the control pathway involved.The control pathway of the sympathetic division that caused the sweating andthe red skin was the sympathetic chain ganglia. Preganglionic fibers carried motor commands that affect the head, neck, limbs, and thoracic cavity. The unmyelinated postganglionic fibers that control the body wall enter the gray ramus and parry to the spinal nerve for further distribution. They then are able to innervate the sweat glands of the skin and the smooth muscles in blood vessels. This innervation causes the sweat glands to sweat and the blood vessels to constrict. Constricting the blood vessels is helpful because it give raise blood pressure and increase oxygen circulation (N eural Integration II The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions P. 521)11. (1 pts) Describe the metabolic process providing your energy while you were running (as fast as you could) aft(prenominal) the bee stung you. Include which molecule(s) is(are) being consumed.The metabolic process that was providing my energy while I was running as fast as I could was anaerobic metabolism. This metabolic process does not require oxygen and uses glycolysis to give way 2 ATP molecules but also to generate 2 pyruvate molecules. Each pyruvate molecule can be broken down by the mitochondria to generate 17 ATP molecules. This is a total of 34 ATP molecules. This is a lot of energy and is inevitable when muscles are at peak activity levels (Muscle Tissue P. 306-7).12. (5 pts) Explain what the Epi-Pen contains (what manikin of chemical is that) and how that will help in this situation. What effect will that pen gain on the breathing rate?The Epi-Pen contains epinephrin which is a ne urotransmitter. It will try to repair the situation of an allergic reaction by increasing breathing rate, increasing heart rate, raise dropping blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and reverse hives (Drugs and Medications Epipen im).Works CitedDrugs and Medications Epipen im. WebMD. outlive Revised 2013. Firstpublished by WebMD, 2005. Web. Visited 30 November 2013.Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. The Musclar System. embodiment & Physiology. 9th Ed. capital of Massachusetts gum benjamin Cummings, 2012.Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. Muscle Tissue. framing & Physiology. 9th Ed. Boston genus Benzoin Cummings, 2012.Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. Neural Integration I Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System. Anatomy & Physiology. 9th Ed. Boston Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. Neural Integration II The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions. Anatomy & Physiol ogy. 9th Ed. Boston Benjamin Cummings, 2012.Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. The Special Senses. Anatomy & Physiology. 9th Ed. Boston Benjamin Cummings, 2012.Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. The Tissue Level of Organization. Anatomy & Physiology. 9th Ed. Boston Benjamin Cummings, 2012.